This article on RFID in the field of modern military carried out an overview of the application, cited the success of modern warfare, the application of RFID. RFID in the military field on a number of important technical problems were analyzed. Learn from the experience of foreign countries, the armed forces, enterprises and institutions in close connection with the development of modern ideas of RFID in the military field were discussed.
1. RFID and military logistics
1.1 RFID overview
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID), also known as RFID (E-Tag) technology, using a radio frequency signal automatic target recognition and access to information technology.
RFID applications can be traced back to as early as World War II, the Nazis used to distinguish between coalition forces and aircraft "to identify the enemy", the British main function is to be used to distinguish the enemy and British aircraft. The application of the principle is similar to the currently active label (Active Tag) installed in the aircraft in the United Kingdom, through the radar signals to the aircraft on the label, the label will issue the appropriate time to respond to the signals, they can determine the Aircraft for our own people, this system called IFF (Identity: Friend or Foe), the world's flight control is still based.
With the core of the RFID technology continue to develop and mature, and their use is growing in the field, has been an increasing number of applications including military aviation, logistics, warehousing, retail, industrial manufacturing, asset management, transportation, animal identification and anti-theft security, and so on Different applications.
As the first military use of RFID technology in the field, has become a catalyst for RFID research and application of the main force. At present, the U.S. Department of Defense Logistics Agency warehouse for more than 96 percent of the goods are affixed with a radio-frequency tags, which is now no large-scale commercial areas can not reach the penetration rate of RFID tags, military warehouse has become the largest RFID market experiment, and RFID applications in the military field has become an important pioneer in the field of military applications of new technologies as well as the successful application of model will be extended to the field of business.
1.2 overview of military logistics
Logistics and is closely related to the military, in fact, the logistics concept was born in the military field. During the Second World War, the U.S. Navy for military needs, the introduction of in-kind distribution theory, the supply of military equipment to the implementation of logistics management, has achieved remarkable success, on the basis of the progressive development of a complete theory of logistics. The first use of RFID technology in the United States Department of Defense Supply Authority (DLA, Defense Logistic Agency).
Military logistics is a large community of logistics system in an important branch of the military means in life, training, service and operations required for military supplies through financing, transportation, packaging, processing or production, storage, supply and so on, eventually served on the force Consumption was used to achieve the transfer of the entire process space. Military logistics of accurate, fast, safe, controlled the modern battlefield is not just military action to protect and support the role, but determines the outcome of the war. For example, in World War II battle of El Alamein, Rommel's tank corps because of a serious lack of fuel, in the face of the allied forces led by Montgomery fight back without power. In another example, in the world of ice and snow of Stalingrad, the Russian military logistics to help defeat Hitler had
According to the state's different military logistics can be divided into day-to-day logistics of the military in time of war and military logistics.
Day-to-day logistics of the military refers to the times of peace, military-related goods and materials management, transport scheduling, maintenance, management at different levels, and logistical support in areas such as logistics management content.
Wartime military logistics, refers to a state of war or a state of war exercises, carried out by the military logistics management. As the wartime military logistics with a large-scale logistics, time-tight, many uncertainties such as the characteristics, and is considered the highest level of logistics management, logistics management technology and means very high demands on behalf of the logistics management of the highest level .
1.3 characteristics of modern military logistics
Modern war is a typical high consumption of war, military unprecedented increase the consumption of materials, and further increased the security forces, the military strength to protect and safeguard the difficulty markedly improved. Military logistics become more and more importance.
To carry out large-scale war, U.S. troops quantity of material to protect all kinds of amazing. Take a look at a combat soldier on the average consumption of material with time
When the First World War, a combat soldier on the average consumption of materials is 6 kilograms, 20 kilograms during the Second World War; the 20th century, the 50s during the Korean War. U.S. per capita consumption is 29 kg to 60 during the Vietnam War era to reach 117 kg; 70 during the fourth Middle East war, Israeli soldiers on the per capita consumption of 250 kg of materials operations; the Gulf War, the U.S. military armored division on the per capita consumption of materials 500 kg, the growing consumption of war materiel to this trend, in the short term will not be reversed, the battlefield will not flow relief supplies. However, with the precision guidance technology and extensive application of information technology, war material consumption growth will gradually slow down. The U.S. military in Saddam's war of attrition with the Gulf War is not relevant. In these consumption, the soldiers of the army for personal consumption accounts for only a small part of the Navy's per capita consumption of goods and materials about the army's 4-6 times, the Air Force is to achieve the Army's 10-20 times.
The reason why the U.S. military in a large number of troops stationed overseas, and in a short period of time to carry out the strategic plan, is to a large extent, dependent on the world's leading logistics technology. Through the use of RFID technology, the U.S. military so that the average time to significantly reduce the supply of logistics. "MA did not move, the first food" - can be seen logistical support in the war's strategic position. Shanzhan a valiant armed forces, not just rely on the brave soldiers of the Taolue Jiang Shuai and it is also necessary to have a strong and efficient logistics support system.
2 RFID in the military application modern
2.1 in the modern foreign military RFID application
At present, foreign armed forces on the application of RFID technology is the most representative of the U.S. military, the U.S. Department of Defense on RFID technology from modern warfare. RFID technology has been widely used in U.S. military protection in the field of logistics, such as looking for specific items, goods in transit visibility system, electronic medical records of individual cards, the physical condition monitoring and issuance of clothing, and other devices, the great reform of the traditional logistics Tracking methods and retracement in Europe, Somalia, Afghanistan and Iraq, and other activities in actual combat has made the desired results.
2.1.1 Gulf War and the war in Iraq
1991 Gulf War, the United States in the Middle East to the delivery of about 40,000 containers, but because of unclear identity, of which more than 20,000 containers had to re-open, registration, packaging and transport into the system. After the war, there are more than 8000 could not open the containers to use. Later, the U.S. military estimated that at the time if the use of RFID technology to track the whereabouts of logistics and inventory the contents of the container would be for the Department of Defense to save about 20 billion dollars in spending.
After the Gulf War, the U.S. military to address, please get in supplies, transportation, distribution, and other links that exist in reality a serious problem for combat troops to provide fast, accurate logistics support, a full-asset visibility plan, logistics support in order to achieve Assets of a high degree of transparency. The application of RFID technology to enable the realization of the U.S. military back-up material may be transparent, in order to obtain the automatic storage, in the way, with assets of the visibility of information provided by the convenient and flexible solution.
The war in Iraq, the U.S. military shipped to the Gulf through to each of the containers on the installation of satellite radio technology SAVI chips and accurately track the Department of Defense sent to the Gulf of 40,000 containers in order to achieve the "staff stream" and "flow equipment "And" material flow "of the whole tracking and command and control of its receipt, distribution and exchange so that the supply of materials and management with a higher degree of transparency, has greatly enhanced the effectiveness of the protection of military logistics. RFID technology, allows the U.S. military back-up supply capacity has become stronger than ever, and can easily get hold of all the logistic supply real-time information on the achievement of logistical supplies from the factory to the soldiers of the entire track, but also by the realization of the U.S. military "reserves-logistics "To" distribution-logistics "of the change. Compared with the Gulf War, the war in Iraq in the ocean to reduce the amount of 87% reduction in the volume of air 88.6 percent, the strategy to mobilize support and equipment declined by 89%, campaign material reserves declined by 75%. This new mode of operation for the U.S. Department of Defense to save billions of dollars of expenses.
Taking a panoramic view of the Gulf War, the U.S. military not only to win a modern high-tech regional wars, and successfully directed a difficult cross-border military logistics. The Gulf War, the U.S. military logistics can be a classic case of modern military logistics, high research value.
2.1.2 U.S. military's day-to-day logistics
The U.S. Department of Defense Supply Authority is now responsible for dealing with some types of 46,000,000, from the fruits of these items, Coca-Cola to the bullet-proof vest, gasoline and X-ray machines, everything. Regardless of whether or not a war, the U.S. Department of Defense Supply Authority must undertake an annual total value of 83,200,000,000 U.S. dollars of 87,000,000 at the Carriage of Goods by the task.
1991 "Desert Storm", U.S. Department of Defense Supply Board staff nearly 65,000 people, and to streamline the current after the U.S. Department of Defense Supply Board staff has dropped since 1963 to a record low - 21,500 people. They will be included in the 23 months to a warehouse management system, and the original 42 sets of business processes and support for the merger and reorganization, to simplify the current six major business processes, including logistics, financial and human resources and so on. So far, the U.S. Department of Defense Supply Bureau has invested 1,000,000,000 U.S. dollars to carry out business process integration, but the benefits are significant - they save army as a whole about 1,800,000,000 U.S. dollars.
2.1.3 of the other countries RFID applications in the military field
Spanish military in Afghanistan, Haiti, Kazakhstan southeast of Lake Balkhash, the autonomous province of Kosovo in Yugoslavia, Boniu China region, and Herzegovina in Spain and four logistics centers, naval and air base set up RFID work in the region, the military use of active tags Tracking goods such as food and clothing, not including ammunition.
By the end of 2005, the Israeli military to try to use active RFID technology to track the management of pallets, delivery trucks, tanks and military supplies from logistical support center to the outpost boxes loaded weapons, the military dimension of the need to supply, storage management, transfer of goods and so on Tracking and management.
In early 2006, the Australian Defense Force will start using the Savi programs more effectively in the United States and Britain in Iraq, the military joint operation. Package of solutions for the delivery of goods, including intelligent management software program, a large amount of information stored active RFID tags, fixed for the first time with hand-held computer. This program will be mainly used to improve the international standard containers, and pallets of goods on visibility.
At present, many developed countries have been in the military began to try to use RFID technology to track the flow of military supplies and supplies, even though these countries in the RFID application with the U.S. military have a certain distance, but it can not be development momentum.
2.2 internal military RFID technology
At present, our military supplies in storage, management, promotion and other areas stored large amount of information, reliability, security and confidentiality of a good "two-dimensional bar code" technology. China's military logistics in the field of application of the conditions of two-dimensional bar code has gradually matured. In addition, a number of domestic companies have successfully mastered the key technology of two-dimensional bar code.
As for the application of RFID technology is relatively small, only a very small number of applications in the area of RFID technology for security, tracking, and so on.
3 RFID applications in the discussion of technical issues
3.1 Application Environment and the demand for RFID systems analysis
Military radio frequency identification system is very practical focus on the military application of the complex, the entire analysis of the demand for RFID has a very big impact:
Warehousing environment, will face more metal barrier, the impact of the labels electromagnetic waves between the reader and the transmission, the label of its placement, the reader set the direction of the antenna are very important factors.
Transport, involving the possibility of prejudice to the transport speed of the reading to ensure the speed and accuracy of the problem and how to transport a reasonable distribution on the way readers read, and so on-point overall arrangement.
Operational environment of high temperature, low temperature, heat, rain and other complex natural environment, resistance to the harsh environment of the label has set a higher environmental requirements.
Logistics supply chain from the point of view, the field is relatively fixed in peacetime barracks and the workplace, outdoors, more field operations, equipment requirements for temperature, humidity, sunlight, rainfall and so on condition of the natural environment has a strong adaptability. As the environmental field station equipped with a variety of vehicles, equipment, cable wiring irregular, could have a variety of electromagnetic interference. Field of radio frequency identification technology to identify the requirements of range, and strong anti-interference capability, high reliability and easy to use, can be installed in the open-air environment, easy disassembly, minimal maintenance.
Therefore, RFID applications have also been more than environmental factors, whether the RFID tags, or RFID systems should be set up in accordance with fact-finding and analysis of the development needs of the environment, so as not to blindly applied to the off-the-shelf programs have a significant problem.
3.2 Standards and Labeling
The radio frequency tag communications standards of chip design is based on the label, and the current international standards for RFID-related communications are: ISO / IEC 18000 standard, such as Table 1, ISO11785 (LF), ISO / IEC 14443 standard (13.56MHz), ISO / IEC 15693 standard (13.56MHz), EPC standards (including Class0, Class1 and GEN2 three agreements involve both HF and UHF band), DSRC standard (ETC European standard, with 5.8GHz). At present, RFID chips international standards there have been integration, ISO / IEC 15693 standard ISO18000-3 has become a standard part, EPC GEN2 standard has been launched to the ISO18000-6 Part C of the standard conversion.
Standard content, applications
18000-1 general definition of parameters
18000-2 135kHz following air interface parameters for short-range paper labels, such as access control card
18000-3 13.56MHz air interface parameters for use in the distance, such as shelf
18000-4 air interface parameters for the use of long distance
18000-6 860MHz-930MHz air interface parameters for a longer distance
18000-7 433.92MHz air interface parameters of a select band, and other communications equipment susceptible to interference
Table 1 ISO18000 standards
By the end of 2004, EPCglobal ratified the EPCglobal and a member of the signing of the agreement, EPCglobal IP unit royalty-free air interface of the new standard - EPC Gen2, this is a standard radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, the Internet and electronic product code (EPC ) Formed the basis of the EPCglobal Network, to the logistics industry has brought revolutionary changes to promote a supply-chain management and logistics management to the intelligent direction.
Second-generation UHF air interface protocol, is the world's top 60 developed and agreed to meet the end-user demand for standards is available in 4 standard labels on the basis of integration and development of the. This is the standard 4:
1. Kingdom of Great Britain Technology Group (BTG) the standard ISO-180006A;
2. Intermec Technologies of the United States (Intermec Technologies) of the standard ISO-180006B;
3. Matrics Inc. of the United States (the United States in the near future to buy Symbol Technologies) of the Class 0 standard;
4. Alien Technology's Class 1 standard.
UHF Gen2 standard protocol of the main advantages are as follows:
1) open standards
2) reduce the size, increasing storage capacity, set up a special password
3) ensuring the compatibility of the product manufacturers
4) Set the "inactivated" command (Kill)
5) a broader spectrum and frequency distribution
6) higher read rate
RFID standard military should have its own uniqueness, be able to fully guarantee the use of military logistics, to build a sound military technical standards for RFID systems. On this basis, both civilian and RFID technology standards-compliant, soldiers and civilians in order to facilitate the realization of an integrated logistics.
3.3 characteristics of the fusion band - dual / multi-frequency reader
At present, the use of RFID because of the military band and wireless communications are some of the band overlapping, so in order to avoid a military frequency, multi-band label is very important. At the same time, each band played their respective characteristics, there are a variety of environments conducive to overcome the negative factors. The band features and applications such as Table 2.
Band description of the role of the penetration distance
125 ~ 134KHz low frequency (LF) 45cm able to penetrate most of the objects
13.553 ~ 13.567MHz high-frequency (HF) 1 ~ 3m barely able to penetrate metal and liquid
400 ~ 1000MHz ultra-high frequency (UHF) 3 ~ 9m through weak
2.45GHz microwave (Microware) 3m penetration of the weakest
Table 2 RFID feature of the band and applications
Low-band radio-frequency tags are generally passive tags, their energy through inductive coupling from the reader coil coupling of near-field radiation gain. Low-frequency tags and readers between the transmission of data, to be located in the low-frequency tag reader antenna near-field radiation in the region. Low-frequency tag reading distance under normal circumstances is less than 1 meter. Militarily, the long-wave is useful, mainly on the ground floor (the tunnel) could be considered communication with the band. The band's major drawback is that the capacity of small and large size of the antenna. As a result, most of the Mass Communication is still using short-wave.
Middle-and high-band radio frequency tags work through the principle of inductive (magnetic) coupling from the reader coil coupling of near-field radiation gain. Tag and reader for data exchange, the label must be in the reader antenna near-field radiation in the region. For historical reasons, the existence of short-wave band is too crowded. At the same time, due to the short-wave spread far and prone to interfere with each other, the use of the spectrum is a problem. And the band will affect the military in important short-wave communications.
Ultra-high frequency microwave and radio frequency band of microwave radio frequency tag referred to as labels, microwave radio-frequency tags can be divided into active and passive tags two types of labels. Work at the radio-frequency tag reader antenna radiation field inside the far zone, with the tag reader for the coupling between the electromagnetic coupling way. Reader antenna radiation field for passive radio frequency tags to provide energy, active tags will wake up. The radio frequency identification system from the general reading is greater than 1m, a typical situation for 4m ~ 6m, up more than 10m. The general reader antenna directional antenna are only directed at the reader antenna beam within the scope of radio frequency tags can be read / write. As the reading distance of the increase in applications may have read in the area at the same time a number of radio-frequency tags, so as to put forward a number of tags read at the same time. At present, the advanced radio frequency identification system will be more label reading system as an important feature of the
The frequency of different labels have different characteristics, such as low-frequency tags cheaper than the ultra-high frequency tags, save energy and scrap metal objects through strong operating frequency is not bound by radio frequency control, the best ingredients for a high moisture content objects For example, fruits and so on; the role of ultra-high frequency range, high speed data transmission, but the comparison of energy, less penetrating, regional operations can not be too much disruption to apply to the monitoring port, warehousing, and other logistics in the field of goods; high In a short-range frequency identification tags, reading and writing speed in the middle, and prices are relatively cheap.
The frequency of the military division of general principles are the same. However, due to the wide range of military, demanding, so the main means of communication is based on the requirements and characteristics of transmission channel to decide, and not entirely by the international allocation of frequencies. But some frequency, such as for help, and so on, and should not interfere with the occupied. In addition, due to civilian use has been the frequency, selected in the frequency, but also the frequency of such interference.
The actual work of the labeling requirements of a strong anti-interference capability. Using a variety of frequencies to solve this problem is one of the ways. Dual / multi-frequency RFID systems both have the ability to penetrate the low-frequency, high frequency and distance of recognition, extensive able to use the conductor material interference with the environment and humid environment, but also has good anti-band performance, A variety of military material to meet the needs of the environment. Recently has been able to receive and send both the frequency of the radio frequency identification tags. Working in the use of low-frequency 13.56MHz and 860 ~ 930MHz ultra-high frequency tags can be used to improve the reading distance, and address the electromagnetic waves through liquids and metals absorbed.
3.4 Application of RFID reader with
According to the military aspects of the application of RFID to make some more rigorous reading requirements The following are some of the main aspects:
3.4.1 high-precision reading accuracy
In the specific system environment has a high literacy rate, at the same time for multi-target identification to a higher recognition rate. As the military forces of the material has an extremely important meaning, so the accuracy of reading the very strict requirements, which also includes two concepts: accuracy and reading rate.
Accuracy is the right to read the label known the existence of information accuracy. For example, the right to read the ID tags or other information about high-capacity read the label information is very important.
Literacy rate refers to the reader to recognize the full range of label accuracy, and this time it will leak goods is an important indicator.
3.4.2 high-speed identification
Recognition of high-speed rapid inventory in favor of military material, the establishment of the rapid response of the military supply line and shorten the activation time for a large number of wartime munitions transport has a great significance, and significant savings for back-up manpower.
3.4.3 large amount of information storage
In addition to the label to complete a simple inventory logistics management, but also need to store a certain amount of information to help track the details of product quality and logistics in the process of understanding the problems, as well as the logistics to add some additional features.
At present, read on the way, RFID tags are divided into active and passive tags are two labels:
Active tags work by the internal battery power supply and battery at the same time is also part of the energy is converted to read labels and communications equipment required for the radio frequency energy. Active tags are usually used to identify a longer distance (10 ~ 200 meters) of occasions, a typical operating frequency: 433.92MHz, 860 ~ 930MHz, 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz.
Passive (semi-passive) is characterized by a label reading distance (generally 10 meters), lower costs, the storage capacity of small labels, reading equipment of the directional antenna is not strong. Working a typical frequency of 13.56MHz, 433.92MHz, 860 ~ 930MHz.
Active tags to identify the distance, high reliability, high cost. For large container, the vehicle identification. The U.S. Department of Defense recently made it clear that "freight container, including 6 to 9 meters of container transport and large-scale air pallets, all outside the United States from a container to be shipped to write the contents of cargo containers in the active (with battery A) label. "Container in the use of active tags can give full play to the characteristics of long-range identification and reduce the workload of inventory out of the box. Despite the passive tags is the business development trend, but this particular field of military, active tags can indeed greatly enhance the recognition rate, at the same time can store more information. For example, SAVI's ST-656 label is dual-frequency (123kHz and 433.92MHz) high-capacity (128k) S active, reading distance can reach 300 feet.
3.5 security and encryption technology
There are no reliable security mechanism for read-only label in the data can not be good for confidentiality, the writable-readable label, there are electronic tags on the changes to the malicious information has been hidden. If the electronic tags in the theft of information and even malicious changes would be brought to the protection of military logistics immeasurable loss.
The label's safety, the U.S. military is only through the label for storage in the realization of the serial number, the U.S. military has its own view: first, the label data such as serial numbers, and so it does not in the database associated with before, there is no use Information; Second, the potential "enemies" can not close within 3 meters close to the label to read the label. From two points of view, a certain rationality. But can rewrite the label, there's another problem, for example, if there is no mandate encryption, you can use to write for the reader as a whole warehouse of all goods, re-writing recognition, it would lead to a whole warehouse of goods in the database side of the lost , And the rewriting of the ID number can not be restored, to spend a great deal of time to re-inventory of goods and property identification. Currently, EPC Class 1 standard, and other authorized users have a password, but by the entire code label storage capacity constraints, the median small, relatively easy to crack.
Therefore, to address these security issues is a way to study RFID tag encryption technology. Encryption technology can be used to prevent unauthorized prier to obtain information or tampering with electronic tags, but only a small number of RFID chips can handle pressure Canada into the key, and other more complicated. In addition, be able to deal with the work of the RFID tags are the most expensive products on the market. As a result, the current RFID technology in order to have the information confidential military request to start the application in the field of logistics, there are still obstacles. From a high degree of national security, we should actively develop its own RFID encryption technology.
Data security tags from their own data communication to the air interface and use of various means of encryption, the second generation of RFID standards in the development of the most important part of the design is the second-generation air interface protocol for the management of the label from the The mobile data card reader for data storage chips in the provision of effective protection measures.
4 China's military development of RFID
China's armed forces have been put forward, it is necessary to meet the challenge of military transformation in the world, actively promote military reform with Chinese characteristics, so that our armed forces to adapt to modern science and technology and speed up the development of new military changes in the situation. The new revolution in military logistics, management and operational requirements for the protection of the continuing process of reform and do everything possible to find better ways to step up efforts to control and reduce costs, it is necessary to maintain an "elite force" to the reduction of logistics infrastructure . The RFID suitable for the realization of the military logistics system management automation features will be a revolution in logistics is an important research subject.
At present, China's military logistics system to track goods and materials management and research is still at the initial stage, the overall level lower. At the same time, China's RFID technology is also at an early stage, through the military, businesses and institutions will help improve the multi-combination of China's military logistics.
4.1 foreign military cooperation RFID
In the United States there are a number of RFID companies with good cooperation between the armed forces, for example, a well-known SAVI, Intermec, Symbol and Zebra, and other companies involved in a number of U.S. military RFID applications and tests. Both the U.S. military to provide advanced RFID technology, also developed their own unique solutions. At the same time, the business community is also favored by those who experienced the war a test of logistics officers are. During the Gulf War, the U.S. military's chief logistics officer, after the war joined the retailer Sears Roebuck, in civilian areas of logistics continue to show their talents.
At present, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the major U.S. universities, military logistics into a great interest and energy research. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Laboratory of the United States take the lead in setting up automated systems to identify Center (Auto-IDCenter) of the participants included the U.S. Department of Defense and the world-renowned enterprises, as well as bar code management organizations.
In the institutions, RFID technology is applied in practice, such as Texas A & M University to military members of the Corps of clothes, sewing RFID tags, passive 13.56 MHz UHF tag reading and writing to join the students in 1700 In the uniform of.
Not only is the new battlefield weapons and tactics of the drill ground, is also a new logistics technology and mechanical testing ground. Therefore, RFID from the battlefield brought back a lot of issues for in-depth study of these institutions of higher learning.
4.2 co-operation of domestic
At present, the domestic RFID products less autonomy, it is necessary to the military, businesses and institutions combine forces to promote China's RFID technology levels.
For the military application of RFID has a very clear demand to make the practical application of the basic ideas put forward specific application will help enterprises and institutions to provide appropriate programs and solutions, at the same time the military has a commercial enterprise more powerful than the execution Many current RFID technology can not solve the system to make up, which is relatively the most powerful business advantage.
The enterprise can be considered on the basis of actual demand, improve the provision of reliable and specific applications in the military environment for the conduct of the trial, and the practical application of the program to find the best combination of points accumulated rich experience in the application.
As institutions, should play a better theoretical advantages of RFID-based efforts to solve the problem, and the application of the core issues. For example, encryption algorithms, security mechanisms, multi-label anti-collision algorithm and the application of environmental modeling, simulation of antenna arrays, and so on important issues. At present, Shanghai's Fudan University, application specific integrated circuit and system State Key Laboratory of the Auto-ID Labs China has established an open platform for RFID demonstration, combined with issues arising from the application of theoretical analysis and basic research. At the same time, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation RFID Research Center has also established the first national-level RFID testing laboratory, through better experimental conditions and environmental testing RFID technology, a number of key indicators of reliability, summed up the ultimate test of reliability The evaluation system for further research work to provide basic data and guide the direction of research and development.
5 summary
In this paper, RFID and military logistics point of view of RFID in the field of modern military applications outlined at the same time cited the war in the modern application of RFID technology in the success of examples of the current military in the field of RFID technology a number of important issues, from The experience of foreign countries, the armed forces, enterprises and institutions in close connection with the development of modern military RFID ideas were discussed.
RFID as an emerging technology that has attracted attention from all sectors of society. As the most important areas of the country - in the military field, RFID has a very important significance. In modern warfare, who can make good use of this technology, who will be able to get a war in the stable, rapid and timely supply line of the war, the establishment of a solid victory for logistical support.
1. RFID and military logistics
1.1 RFID overview
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID), also known as RFID (E-Tag) technology, using a radio frequency signal automatic target recognition and access to information technology.
RFID applications can be traced back to as early as World War II, the Nazis used to distinguish between coalition forces and aircraft "to identify the enemy", the British main function is to be used to distinguish the enemy and British aircraft. The application of the principle is similar to the currently active label (Active Tag) installed in the aircraft in the United Kingdom, through the radar signals to the aircraft on the label, the label will issue the appropriate time to respond to the signals, they can determine the Aircraft for our own people, this system called IFF (Identity: Friend or Foe), the world's flight control is still based.
With the core of the RFID technology continue to develop and mature, and their use is growing in the field, has been an increasing number of applications including military aviation, logistics, warehousing, retail, industrial manufacturing, asset management, transportation, animal identification and anti-theft security, and so on Different applications.
As the first military use of RFID technology in the field, has become a catalyst for RFID research and application of the main force. At present, the U.S. Department of Defense Logistics Agency warehouse for more than 96 percent of the goods are affixed with a radio-frequency tags, which is now no large-scale commercial areas can not reach the penetration rate of RFID tags, military warehouse has become the largest RFID market experiment, and RFID applications in the military field has become an important pioneer in the field of military applications of new technologies as well as the successful application of model will be extended to the field of business.
1.2 overview of military logistics
Logistics and is closely related to the military, in fact, the logistics concept was born in the military field. During the Second World War, the U.S. Navy for military needs, the introduction of in-kind distribution theory, the supply of military equipment to the implementation of logistics management, has achieved remarkable success, on the basis of the progressive development of a complete theory of logistics. The first use of RFID technology in the United States Department of Defense Supply Authority (DLA, Defense Logistic Agency).
Military logistics is a large community of logistics system in an important branch of the military means in life, training, service and operations required for military supplies through financing, transportation, packaging, processing or production, storage, supply and so on, eventually served on the force Consumption was used to achieve the transfer of the entire process space. Military logistics of accurate, fast, safe, controlled the modern battlefield is not just military action to protect and support the role, but determines the outcome of the war. For example, in World War II battle of El Alamein, Rommel's tank corps because of a serious lack of fuel, in the face of the allied forces led by Montgomery fight back without power. In another example, in the world of ice and snow of Stalingrad, the Russian military logistics to help defeat Hitler had
According to the state's different military logistics can be divided into day-to-day logistics of the military in time of war and military logistics.
Day-to-day logistics of the military refers to the times of peace, military-related goods and materials management, transport scheduling, maintenance, management at different levels, and logistical support in areas such as logistics management content.
Wartime military logistics, refers to a state of war or a state of war exercises, carried out by the military logistics management. As the wartime military logistics with a large-scale logistics, time-tight, many uncertainties such as the characteristics, and is considered the highest level of logistics management, logistics management technology and means very high demands on behalf of the logistics management of the highest level .
1.3 characteristics of modern military logistics
Modern war is a typical high consumption of war, military unprecedented increase the consumption of materials, and further increased the security forces, the military strength to protect and safeguard the difficulty markedly improved. Military logistics become more and more importance.
To carry out large-scale war, U.S. troops quantity of material to protect all kinds of amazing. Take a look at a combat soldier on the average consumption of material with time
When the First World War, a combat soldier on the average consumption of materials is 6 kilograms, 20 kilograms during the Second World War; the 20th century, the 50s during the Korean War. U.S. per capita consumption is 29 kg to 60 during the Vietnam War era to reach 117 kg; 70 during the fourth Middle East war, Israeli soldiers on the per capita consumption of 250 kg of materials operations; the Gulf War, the U.S. military armored division on the per capita consumption of materials 500 kg, the growing consumption of war materiel to this trend, in the short term will not be reversed, the battlefield will not flow relief supplies. However, with the precision guidance technology and extensive application of information technology, war material consumption growth will gradually slow down. The U.S. military in Saddam's war of attrition with the Gulf War is not relevant. In these consumption, the soldiers of the army for personal consumption accounts for only a small part of the Navy's per capita consumption of goods and materials about the army's 4-6 times, the Air Force is to achieve the Army's 10-20 times.
The reason why the U.S. military in a large number of troops stationed overseas, and in a short period of time to carry out the strategic plan, is to a large extent, dependent on the world's leading logistics technology. Through the use of RFID technology, the U.S. military so that the average time to significantly reduce the supply of logistics. "MA did not move, the first food" - can be seen logistical support in the war's strategic position. Shanzhan a valiant armed forces, not just rely on the brave soldiers of the Taolue Jiang Shuai and it is also necessary to have a strong and efficient logistics support system.
2 RFID in the military application modern
2.1 in the modern foreign military RFID application
At present, foreign armed forces on the application of RFID technology is the most representative of the U.S. military, the U.S. Department of Defense on RFID technology from modern warfare. RFID technology has been widely used in U.S. military protection in the field of logistics, such as looking for specific items, goods in transit visibility system, electronic medical records of individual cards, the physical condition monitoring and issuance of clothing, and other devices, the great reform of the traditional logistics Tracking methods and retracement in Europe, Somalia, Afghanistan and Iraq, and other activities in actual combat has made the desired results.
2.1.1 Gulf War and the war in Iraq
1991 Gulf War, the United States in the Middle East to the delivery of about 40,000 containers, but because of unclear identity, of which more than 20,000 containers had to re-open, registration, packaging and transport into the system. After the war, there are more than 8000 could not open the containers to use. Later, the U.S. military estimated that at the time if the use of RFID technology to track the whereabouts of logistics and inventory the contents of the container would be for the Department of Defense to save about 20 billion dollars in spending.
After the Gulf War, the U.S. military to address, please get in supplies, transportation, distribution, and other links that exist in reality a serious problem for combat troops to provide fast, accurate logistics support, a full-asset visibility plan, logistics support in order to achieve Assets of a high degree of transparency. The application of RFID technology to enable the realization of the U.S. military back-up material may be transparent, in order to obtain the automatic storage, in the way, with assets of the visibility of information provided by the convenient and flexible solution.
The war in Iraq, the U.S. military shipped to the Gulf through to each of the containers on the installation of satellite radio technology SAVI chips and accurately track the Department of Defense sent to the Gulf of 40,000 containers in order to achieve the "staff stream" and "flow equipment "And" material flow "of the whole tracking and command and control of its receipt, distribution and exchange so that the supply of materials and management with a higher degree of transparency, has greatly enhanced the effectiveness of the protection of military logistics. RFID technology, allows the U.S. military back-up supply capacity has become stronger than ever, and can easily get hold of all the logistic supply real-time information on the achievement of logistical supplies from the factory to the soldiers of the entire track, but also by the realization of the U.S. military "reserves-logistics "To" distribution-logistics "of the change. Compared with the Gulf War, the war in Iraq in the ocean to reduce the amount of 87% reduction in the volume of air 88.6 percent, the strategy to mobilize support and equipment declined by 89%, campaign material reserves declined by 75%. This new mode of operation for the U.S. Department of Defense to save billions of dollars of expenses.
Taking a panoramic view of the Gulf War, the U.S. military not only to win a modern high-tech regional wars, and successfully directed a difficult cross-border military logistics. The Gulf War, the U.S. military logistics can be a classic case of modern military logistics, high research value.
2.1.2 U.S. military's day-to-day logistics
The U.S. Department of Defense Supply Authority is now responsible for dealing with some types of 46,000,000, from the fruits of these items, Coca-Cola to the bullet-proof vest, gasoline and X-ray machines, everything. Regardless of whether or not a war, the U.S. Department of Defense Supply Authority must undertake an annual total value of 83,200,000,000 U.S. dollars of 87,000,000 at the Carriage of Goods by the task.
1991 "Desert Storm", U.S. Department of Defense Supply Board staff nearly 65,000 people, and to streamline the current after the U.S. Department of Defense Supply Board staff has dropped since 1963 to a record low - 21,500 people. They will be included in the 23 months to a warehouse management system, and the original 42 sets of business processes and support for the merger and reorganization, to simplify the current six major business processes, including logistics, financial and human resources and so on. So far, the U.S. Department of Defense Supply Bureau has invested 1,000,000,000 U.S. dollars to carry out business process integration, but the benefits are significant - they save army as a whole about 1,800,000,000 U.S. dollars.
2.1.3 of the other countries RFID applications in the military field
Spanish military in Afghanistan, Haiti, Kazakhstan southeast of Lake Balkhash, the autonomous province of Kosovo in Yugoslavia, Boniu China region, and Herzegovina in Spain and four logistics centers, naval and air base set up RFID work in the region, the military use of active tags Tracking goods such as food and clothing, not including ammunition.
By the end of 2005, the Israeli military to try to use active RFID technology to track the management of pallets, delivery trucks, tanks and military supplies from logistical support center to the outpost boxes loaded weapons, the military dimension of the need to supply, storage management, transfer of goods and so on Tracking and management.
In early 2006, the Australian Defense Force will start using the Savi programs more effectively in the United States and Britain in Iraq, the military joint operation. Package of solutions for the delivery of goods, including intelligent management software program, a large amount of information stored active RFID tags, fixed for the first time with hand-held computer. This program will be mainly used to improve the international standard containers, and pallets of goods on visibility.
At present, many developed countries have been in the military began to try to use RFID technology to track the flow of military supplies and supplies, even though these countries in the RFID application with the U.S. military have a certain distance, but it can not be development momentum.
2.2 internal military RFID technology
At present, our military supplies in storage, management, promotion and other areas stored large amount of information, reliability, security and confidentiality of a good "two-dimensional bar code" technology. China's military logistics in the field of application of the conditions of two-dimensional bar code has gradually matured. In addition, a number of domestic companies have successfully mastered the key technology of two-dimensional bar code.
As for the application of RFID technology is relatively small, only a very small number of applications in the area of RFID technology for security, tracking, and so on.
3 RFID applications in the discussion of technical issues
3.1 Application Environment and the demand for RFID systems analysis
Military radio frequency identification system is very practical focus on the military application of the complex, the entire analysis of the demand for RFID has a very big impact:
Warehousing environment, will face more metal barrier, the impact of the labels electromagnetic waves between the reader and the transmission, the label of its placement, the reader set the direction of the antenna are very important factors.
Transport, involving the possibility of prejudice to the transport speed of the reading to ensure the speed and accuracy of the problem and how to transport a reasonable distribution on the way readers read, and so on-point overall arrangement.
Operational environment of high temperature, low temperature, heat, rain and other complex natural environment, resistance to the harsh environment of the label has set a higher environmental requirements.
Logistics supply chain from the point of view, the field is relatively fixed in peacetime barracks and the workplace, outdoors, more field operations, equipment requirements for temperature, humidity, sunlight, rainfall and so on condition of the natural environment has a strong adaptability. As the environmental field station equipped with a variety of vehicles, equipment, cable wiring irregular, could have a variety of electromagnetic interference. Field of radio frequency identification technology to identify the requirements of range, and strong anti-interference capability, high reliability and easy to use, can be installed in the open-air environment, easy disassembly, minimal maintenance.
Therefore, RFID applications have also been more than environmental factors, whether the RFID tags, or RFID systems should be set up in accordance with fact-finding and analysis of the development needs of the environment, so as not to blindly applied to the off-the-shelf programs have a significant problem.
3.2 Standards and Labeling
The radio frequency tag communications standards of chip design is based on the label, and the current international standards for RFID-related communications are: ISO / IEC 18000 standard, such as Table 1, ISO11785 (LF), ISO / IEC 14443 standard (13.56MHz), ISO / IEC 15693 standard (13.56MHz), EPC standards (including Class0, Class1 and GEN2 three agreements involve both HF and UHF band), DSRC standard (ETC European standard, with 5.8GHz). At present, RFID chips international standards there have been integration, ISO / IEC 15693 standard ISO18000-3 has become a standard part, EPC GEN2 standard has been launched to the ISO18000-6 Part C of the standard conversion.
Standard content, applications
18000-1 general definition of parameters
18000-2 135kHz following air interface parameters for short-range paper labels, such as access control card
18000-3 13.56MHz air interface parameters for use in the distance, such as shelf
18000-4 air interface parameters for the use of long distance
18000-6 860MHz-930MHz air interface parameters for a longer distance
18000-7 433.92MHz air interface parameters of a select band, and other communications equipment susceptible to interference
Table 1 ISO18000 standards
By the end of 2004, EPCglobal ratified the EPCglobal and a member of the signing of the agreement, EPCglobal IP unit royalty-free air interface of the new standard - EPC Gen2, this is a standard radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, the Internet and electronic product code (EPC ) Formed the basis of the EPCglobal Network, to the logistics industry has brought revolutionary changes to promote a supply-chain management and logistics management to the intelligent direction.
Second-generation UHF air interface protocol, is the world's top 60 developed and agreed to meet the end-user demand for standards is available in 4 standard labels on the basis of integration and development of the. This is the standard 4:
1. Kingdom of Great Britain Technology Group (BTG) the standard ISO-180006A;
2. Intermec Technologies of the United States (Intermec Technologies) of the standard ISO-180006B;
3. Matrics Inc. of the United States (the United States in the near future to buy Symbol Technologies) of the Class 0 standard;
4. Alien Technology's Class 1 standard.
UHF Gen2 standard protocol of the main advantages are as follows:
1) open standards
2) reduce the size, increasing storage capacity, set up a special password
3) ensuring the compatibility of the product manufacturers
4) Set the "inactivated" command (Kill)
5) a broader spectrum and frequency distribution
6) higher read rate
RFID standard military should have its own uniqueness, be able to fully guarantee the use of military logistics, to build a sound military technical standards for RFID systems. On this basis, both civilian and RFID technology standards-compliant, soldiers and civilians in order to facilitate the realization of an integrated logistics.
3.3 characteristics of the fusion band - dual / multi-frequency reader
At present, the use of RFID because of the military band and wireless communications are some of the band overlapping, so in order to avoid a military frequency, multi-band label is very important. At the same time, each band played their respective characteristics, there are a variety of environments conducive to overcome the negative factors. The band features and applications such as Table 2.
Band description of the role of the penetration distance
125 ~ 134KHz low frequency (LF) 45cm able to penetrate most of the objects
13.553 ~ 13.567MHz high-frequency (HF) 1 ~ 3m barely able to penetrate metal and liquid
400 ~ 1000MHz ultra-high frequency (UHF) 3 ~ 9m through weak
2.45GHz microwave (Microware) 3m penetration of the weakest
Table 2 RFID feature of the band and applications
Low-band radio-frequency tags are generally passive tags, their energy through inductive coupling from the reader coil coupling of near-field radiation gain. Low-frequency tags and readers between the transmission of data, to be located in the low-frequency tag reader antenna near-field radiation in the region. Low-frequency tag reading distance under normal circumstances is less than 1 meter. Militarily, the long-wave is useful, mainly on the ground floor (the tunnel) could be considered communication with the band. The band's major drawback is that the capacity of small and large size of the antenna. As a result, most of the Mass Communication is still using short-wave.
Middle-and high-band radio frequency tags work through the principle of inductive (magnetic) coupling from the reader coil coupling of near-field radiation gain. Tag and reader for data exchange, the label must be in the reader antenna near-field radiation in the region. For historical reasons, the existence of short-wave band is too crowded. At the same time, due to the short-wave spread far and prone to interfere with each other, the use of the spectrum is a problem. And the band will affect the military in important short-wave communications.
Ultra-high frequency microwave and radio frequency band of microwave radio frequency tag referred to as labels, microwave radio-frequency tags can be divided into active and passive tags two types of labels. Work at the radio-frequency tag reader antenna radiation field inside the far zone, with the tag reader for the coupling between the electromagnetic coupling way. Reader antenna radiation field for passive radio frequency tags to provide energy, active tags will wake up. The radio frequency identification system from the general reading is greater than 1m, a typical situation for 4m ~ 6m, up more than 10m. The general reader antenna directional antenna are only directed at the reader antenna beam within the scope of radio frequency tags can be read / write. As the reading distance of the increase in applications may have read in the area at the same time a number of radio-frequency tags, so as to put forward a number of tags read at the same time. At present, the advanced radio frequency identification system will be more label reading system as an important feature of the
The frequency of different labels have different characteristics, such as low-frequency tags cheaper than the ultra-high frequency tags, save energy and scrap metal objects through strong operating frequency is not bound by radio frequency control, the best ingredients for a high moisture content objects For example, fruits and so on; the role of ultra-high frequency range, high speed data transmission, but the comparison of energy, less penetrating, regional operations can not be too much disruption to apply to the monitoring port, warehousing, and other logistics in the field of goods; high In a short-range frequency identification tags, reading and writing speed in the middle, and prices are relatively cheap.
The frequency of the military division of general principles are the same. However, due to the wide range of military, demanding, so the main means of communication is based on the requirements and characteristics of transmission channel to decide, and not entirely by the international allocation of frequencies. But some frequency, such as for help, and so on, and should not interfere with the occupied. In addition, due to civilian use has been the frequency, selected in the frequency, but also the frequency of such interference.
The actual work of the labeling requirements of a strong anti-interference capability. Using a variety of frequencies to solve this problem is one of the ways. Dual / multi-frequency RFID systems both have the ability to penetrate the low-frequency, high frequency and distance of recognition, extensive able to use the conductor material interference with the environment and humid environment, but also has good anti-band performance, A variety of military material to meet the needs of the environment. Recently has been able to receive and send both the frequency of the radio frequency identification tags. Working in the use of low-frequency 13.56MHz and 860 ~ 930MHz ultra-high frequency tags can be used to improve the reading distance, and address the electromagnetic waves through liquids and metals absorbed.
3.4 Application of RFID reader with
According to the military aspects of the application of RFID to make some more rigorous reading requirements The following are some of the main aspects:
3.4.1 high-precision reading accuracy
In the specific system environment has a high literacy rate, at the same time for multi-target identification to a higher recognition rate. As the military forces of the material has an extremely important meaning, so the accuracy of reading the very strict requirements, which also includes two concepts: accuracy and reading rate.
Accuracy is the right to read the label known the existence of information accuracy. For example, the right to read the ID tags or other information about high-capacity read the label information is very important.
Literacy rate refers to the reader to recognize the full range of label accuracy, and this time it will leak goods is an important indicator.
3.4.2 high-speed identification
Recognition of high-speed rapid inventory in favor of military material, the establishment of the rapid response of the military supply line and shorten the activation time for a large number of wartime munitions transport has a great significance, and significant savings for back-up manpower.
3.4.3 large amount of information storage
In addition to the label to complete a simple inventory logistics management, but also need to store a certain amount of information to help track the details of product quality and logistics in the process of understanding the problems, as well as the logistics to add some additional features.
At present, read on the way, RFID tags are divided into active and passive tags are two labels:
Active tags work by the internal battery power supply and battery at the same time is also part of the energy is converted to read labels and communications equipment required for the radio frequency energy. Active tags are usually used to identify a longer distance (10 ~ 200 meters) of occasions, a typical operating frequency: 433.92MHz, 860 ~ 930MHz, 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz.
Passive (semi-passive) is characterized by a label reading distance (generally 10 meters), lower costs, the storage capacity of small labels, reading equipment of the directional antenna is not strong. Working a typical frequency of 13.56MHz, 433.92MHz, 860 ~ 930MHz.
Active tags to identify the distance, high reliability, high cost. For large container, the vehicle identification. The U.S. Department of Defense recently made it clear that "freight container, including 6 to 9 meters of container transport and large-scale air pallets, all outside the United States from a container to be shipped to write the contents of cargo containers in the active (with battery A) label. "Container in the use of active tags can give full play to the characteristics of long-range identification and reduce the workload of inventory out of the box. Despite the passive tags is the business development trend, but this particular field of military, active tags can indeed greatly enhance the recognition rate, at the same time can store more information. For example, SAVI's ST-656 label is dual-frequency (123kHz and 433.92MHz) high-capacity (128k) S active, reading distance can reach 300 feet.
3.5 security and encryption technology
There are no reliable security mechanism for read-only label in the data can not be good for confidentiality, the writable-readable label, there are electronic tags on the changes to the malicious information has been hidden. If the electronic tags in the theft of information and even malicious changes would be brought to the protection of military logistics immeasurable loss.
The label's safety, the U.S. military is only through the label for storage in the realization of the serial number, the U.S. military has its own view: first, the label data such as serial numbers, and so it does not in the database associated with before, there is no use Information; Second, the potential "enemies" can not close within 3 meters close to the label to read the label. From two points of view, a certain rationality. But can rewrite the label, there's another problem, for example, if there is no mandate encryption, you can use to write for the reader as a whole warehouse of all goods, re-writing recognition, it would lead to a whole warehouse of goods in the database side of the lost , And the rewriting of the ID number can not be restored, to spend a great deal of time to re-inventory of goods and property identification. Currently, EPC Class 1 standard, and other authorized users have a password, but by the entire code label storage capacity constraints, the median small, relatively easy to crack.
Therefore, to address these security issues is a way to study RFID tag encryption technology. Encryption technology can be used to prevent unauthorized prier to obtain information or tampering with electronic tags, but only a small number of RFID chips can handle pressure Canada into the key, and other more complicated. In addition, be able to deal with the work of the RFID tags are the most expensive products on the market. As a result, the current RFID technology in order to have the information confidential military request to start the application in the field of logistics, there are still obstacles. From a high degree of national security, we should actively develop its own RFID encryption technology.
Data security tags from their own data communication to the air interface and use of various means of encryption, the second generation of RFID standards in the development of the most important part of the design is the second-generation air interface protocol for the management of the label from the The mobile data card reader for data storage chips in the provision of effective protection measures.
4 China's military development of RFID
China's armed forces have been put forward, it is necessary to meet the challenge of military transformation in the world, actively promote military reform with Chinese characteristics, so that our armed forces to adapt to modern science and technology and speed up the development of new military changes in the situation. The new revolution in military logistics, management and operational requirements for the protection of the continuing process of reform and do everything possible to find better ways to step up efforts to control and reduce costs, it is necessary to maintain an "elite force" to the reduction of logistics infrastructure . The RFID suitable for the realization of the military logistics system management automation features will be a revolution in logistics is an important research subject.
At present, China's military logistics system to track goods and materials management and research is still at the initial stage, the overall level lower. At the same time, China's RFID technology is also at an early stage, through the military, businesses and institutions will help improve the multi-combination of China's military logistics.
4.1 foreign military cooperation RFID
In the United States there are a number of RFID companies with good cooperation between the armed forces, for example, a well-known SAVI, Intermec, Symbol and Zebra, and other companies involved in a number of U.S. military RFID applications and tests. Both the U.S. military to provide advanced RFID technology, also developed their own unique solutions. At the same time, the business community is also favored by those who experienced the war a test of logistics officers are. During the Gulf War, the U.S. military's chief logistics officer, after the war joined the retailer Sears Roebuck, in civilian areas of logistics continue to show their talents.
At present, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the major U.S. universities, military logistics into a great interest and energy research. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Laboratory of the United States take the lead in setting up automated systems to identify Center (Auto-IDCenter) of the participants included the U.S. Department of Defense and the world-renowned enterprises, as well as bar code management organizations.
In the institutions, RFID technology is applied in practice, such as Texas A & M University to military members of the Corps of clothes, sewing RFID tags, passive 13.56 MHz UHF tag reading and writing to join the students in 1700 In the uniform of.
Not only is the new battlefield weapons and tactics of the drill ground, is also a new logistics technology and mechanical testing ground. Therefore, RFID from the battlefield brought back a lot of issues for in-depth study of these institutions of higher learning.
4.2 co-operation of domestic
At present, the domestic RFID products less autonomy, it is necessary to the military, businesses and institutions combine forces to promote China's RFID technology levels.
For the military application of RFID has a very clear demand to make the practical application of the basic ideas put forward specific application will help enterprises and institutions to provide appropriate programs and solutions, at the same time the military has a commercial enterprise more powerful than the execution Many current RFID technology can not solve the system to make up, which is relatively the most powerful business advantage.
The enterprise can be considered on the basis of actual demand, improve the provision of reliable and specific applications in the military environment for the conduct of the trial, and the practical application of the program to find the best combination of points accumulated rich experience in the application.
As institutions, should play a better theoretical advantages of RFID-based efforts to solve the problem, and the application of the core issues. For example, encryption algorithms, security mechanisms, multi-label anti-collision algorithm and the application of environmental modeling, simulation of antenna arrays, and so on important issues. At present, Shanghai's Fudan University, application specific integrated circuit and system State Key Laboratory of the Auto-ID Labs China has established an open platform for RFID demonstration, combined with issues arising from the application of theoretical analysis and basic research. At the same time, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation RFID Research Center has also established the first national-level RFID testing laboratory, through better experimental conditions and environmental testing RFID technology, a number of key indicators of reliability, summed up the ultimate test of reliability The evaluation system for further research work to provide basic data and guide the direction of research and development.
5 summary
In this paper, RFID and military logistics point of view of RFID in the field of modern military applications outlined at the same time cited the war in the modern application of RFID technology in the success of examples of the current military in the field of RFID technology a number of important issues, from The experience of foreign countries, the armed forces, enterprises and institutions in close connection with the development of modern military RFID ideas were discussed.
RFID as an emerging technology that has attracted attention from all sectors of society. As the most important areas of the country - in the military field, RFID has a very important significance. In modern warfare, who can make good use of this technology, who will be able to get a war in the stable, rapid and timely supply line of the war, the establishment of a solid victory for logistical support.